Automobile parking and storage apparatus



` July 21, 1931. l'. MacDoNALD "AU'IfOlOBILE PARKING AND STORAGE APPARATUS und July .9. 1924 2 .Sheets--Sheet 1 .zugang l. Ma`cDONALD. v

AUTOMOBILE PARKING AND STORAGE APPARATUS July 21, 1931,.

Filed July 9,1924 2 sheets-sheet 2 3 I 1 A 66 W l-ft tu l 1 I vI @n mlE Patented July O2l, 1 93 1 UNITED lsra Isaac MAQDQNALD, or BUrrALo, NEW Yom:

AUTOMOBILE PARKING STORAGE APPARATUS- Application led July 9,

My invention relates to improvements in automobile parking and storage apparatus. 1/ The primary object of my invention is to provide :zn-apparatus whereby automobiles 5 may be quickly and convenientlyA parked or tored therein, and as readily removed there- Another'object of my invention is the provision of an apparatus which will occupyv comparatively little space and which can be constructed to any desired height.

Another object of my invention is .to provide an apparatus capable of use with or without an enclosure, and by means of which provision ismade for parking, andA if desired, for storing automobiles for a period of time; or the apparatus may be used solely for parking purposes, so termed when an automobile is stored for a period of less than 9,0 twenty-four hours.

A further object of my invention is the ,provision of an apparatus adapted to be constructed on a comparatively narrow space, the depth of which may depend upon whether or not provision is. made ,for time storage;

and when no provision is made for time storage, said apparatus will 'be of small horizontal dimensions in all directions.

A further object is to provide an apparatus 3o lfor parking, or both parking and storing automobiles, so constructed that it' will have a single unit ora plurality :of units, yeither with or without anenclosur for the same.

A further object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for parking automobiles in which an endless series of elevators are y employed and on or in which elevators, the` lautomobiles are adapted to` be Vparked for short periods of time. Y o `l f A further object of my inventionis to providegan a parat-us in which automobiles may Q be parke in-a movable and endless manner so' that any desired automobile parked in said apparatus'imay be brought to a-givenpoint L to be `f'quickly remove'difirom thef apparatus. A still further object of myivetion'jis vision "i: "j "havingan endless 'ile supporting ele- -ments'fiand 'havn A A 4 r Y y ari-'ventrance opening and v5o an exit opening', and means for moving said 1924. serial No. 725,041.

automobile supporting'elements arranged to vtravel in anovel manner, and means for moving said endless series of 'elements to bring any desired element toa given point.

It also consists in an endless series of ele-j'A vators, any one of which may be adapted to be brought to a given point for placing an automobile thereon, or removing `one therefrom.

It also consists in two spaced elevator shafts connected at the top and bottom by `passages or Ways, an endless series of conn'e'cted automobile supporting elements movable within said shafts and movable at the top passage or way from one of said shafts to the other, and in a reverse manner through the bottom passage or way, means for properly guiding and/or supporting said automobile supporting elements at all points in their .course of travel and means for moving said elements to bring any one of the series to a given point.

It further consists in an apparatus or structure having anendless series of connected automobile supporting elements movable around an endless course, including two vertical stretchcgand providing supporting or l lstorage floors between sind vertical stretches,

,and if desired, at onel or'both sides thereof, for storing automobiles, by utilizing any one of said automobile sup mrting elements as a means for elevating am delivering the automobilcs to any of said storage ioors.

' 'It further consists in the novel features of construction. and in the arrangement and combination of pnrtsto bc hereinafter dcscrbed and more particularly pointed ontin the subjoined claims. A

,In the drawings Fig. 1 is" averteal longitudinal lsection of a building, housing niv improved apparatus and `ldonstructed for the purpose of storing .automobiles in` addition to the parking of automobiles within the housed apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken. on line.

I v2-2, Fig. 1, the elevators and chain sprockets mg shown in elevation. Fig. 3 1s van enlarged vertical section taken on line 3`3 Fig. 1, showing one of the elevator supporting rollers traveling on one of the horizontal supporting guides.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical section taken on line .f1-4;, Fig. 2, looking in the' direction of the arrow crossing said line. 2

Fig. 5l is an enlarged horizontal section taken on line 5-5, Fig. 1. In the embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings, I have illustrated the apparatus in one form, in which it is surround' ed by building walls over which a roof is arranged, but I desire t'o have it understood that the apparatus is self-contained and does not depend upon a building structurefor its operation. The' apparatusv may therefore be constructed in skeleton form without enclosing 1t, and by the term Vskeleton formTI mean a vstructure built of structural steel or the like automobiles.

Referring first tothe parking apparatus, 6 designates a skeleton structure formed of structural steel or the like and supported upon a suitable foundation, preferably beneath the level of the round. In Fig. 1 of the drawings Il have s own the supporting floor 7 of the structure a distance beneath the p ground level'S, and I preferably excavate so that .the automobiles may be driven into the apparatus and out of the -same on the level of the ground. V Asthis apparatus is'intended to be constructed so that it will rise a considerable distance above the ground, suitable pilings,

piersfor other foundation construction, not shown 1n the drawings, maybe found neces- ,sary in some instances, and in such cases the structure will be supported by such foundation. j

The skeleton structure 6 comprises two vertical elevator shafts 9, which are spaced 'l apart any desired distance, each shaft having four pairs of roller guides 10A formed of suitable structural steel or the like, the individualmelnbers of which may be of I-formation in crosssection, and are vertically disposed. Each of the roller guides may be said l to be constructed ofuprlghts 11, 12, and these guides are spaced apart-in two,4 direc- .tions so that a roller guide--is'arranged at each of the four corners of a rectangular be termed a supplemental roof 23.

space, horizontally co'sideedf' The uprights 11 form the innermembers' of the roller guides, while the uprights 12 form the outer members thereof. Opposite ends of the inner members 11 are curved 4inwardly toward the center of the elevator shaft in which they are located, asat 13. The upper ends of the outer members12 of the roller uides at the inner corners of the elevator sha s are connected together by lhorizontal roller guides or guide members 14. These roller guides or 'guide members'may be in piece with said inner members, or separate parts connected in any approved manner to the upper ends ofs'aid inner members.' The lower ends of said outer members are directed outwardly from the shafts in which the are located toward the vertical centen o the space between the two elevator shafts, as at 15, and it will be plain, upon examination of Fig. 1, that the outer members at the inner corners of the two spaced elevator shafts are of substantially inverted U-forrnation. The outer members at the outer corners of the elevator shafts vare connected together at their lower ends by horizontal roller guides or guide members 16, while their upper ends are directed inwardly over the shafts in l which they are located and extend over the inwardly-curved upper ends of the inner membersl11 to form horizontal roller guides or guide members 17, the'ends of which are spaced apart.

In the preferred construction shown in the drawings, the apparatus is enclosed within a housing or building 18 having a wall 19 at one side of the structure, a wall 20 at the other side thereof, and a roof 21 covering the complete apparatus.` In the space' between the two elevator shafts, a plurality of storage iioors 22 are provided, the lowermost of which is in the plane of the ground level 8.

The remaining floors are arran ed in spaced relation above said lowermost oor, the uppermost floor being spaced from what may Suitably secured to the walls 19 20, which may be considered the side walls of the bui-1ding, and to that porti/on'of the building between the elevator` shafts, are horizontallydisposed vbrackets 24 to which the several members of the roller guides are secured; and secured to the supporting iloor 7 are suitable supports 25 on which the horizontal roller guide members 16 lare-supported. Among other supports which may beused .tosupport the various members'of the roller guides are brackets 2 6 rising from gthegsupplemental roof 23. It is, however, to be understood that these several members may beotherwise supported.Y

It-s Ato be noted 'thatthe several of the roller guides-'at-they inner sides of the 'elevatorshafts are separated naar their lower -ends by clearance spaces 27, for a purpose.

, to appear hereinafter, and that thehorizonarated between their lends by clearance spaces 272 I meshes vwith a gear wheel 45 secured to a` Extending from the end-walls 28 ofthe building structure in a'plane beneath thev lower storage floor 22, are supports ,29 on which rest supportin guides 30, said supporting guides extending from a plane passing through the center of one elevator shaft to 'a plane passing through the center of the other and having their ends curved upward-` ly, as at 31. Journaled Ain bearings 32 in the end walls28 and in brackets 33 secured to said end walls are sprocket shafts 34, four in number and on each of these shafts are secure'd chain sprockets 36 arranged vin pairs.

InV vvertical alinement withl the sprocket shafts 34, approximately on the level of the lower-most storage floor 22, four additional sprocket shafts 36 are arranged, which are journaled in'bearings 37 in the end walls 28,

and in brackets 38 secured to said end walls. Secured to said sprocket shafts 36 are chain sprockets 39. It is to be understood' that there are four sprocket shafts supported from each end wall28 in rectangular relation, and

that each shaft has two chain sprockets se- .Cured thereon.

Around the chain sprockets 35 and 39 at each end wall, endless chains 40 are passed, two such chains being provided at each side of the structure, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. One of the sprocket shafts, preferably one of ture. On said shaft within the housing 41 a gear wheel 42 iff' secured, which meshes with a pinion 43 fastened to a shaft journaled in said end wall, as at 44, and this pinion in turn shaft also journaled in said end wall, as at 46. yThe gearwheel 45 meshes with a pinion 47 on the shaft of a motor 48.

The two chains at one side of the structure are therefore driven directly from .the motor,

while the other two chains at thel other sideof said structure are driven indirectly, as will be clear from the description to' follow. It is ofcourse understood that the chains may be otherwise driven, butit is desirable that the prime mover, in this instance the motor 48,-be under direct control of an attendant so that the chains may be movedto any-desired degree and be capable of stopping after thel desired movement has been imparted thereto.

As will be clear from the examination of Fig. 2 of the drawings, the endless chains 40 arelarranged `in pairs between the skeleton structure andthe end wallsifthev building walls and thesprocket shafts 34 and 36 journaled therein.

Elevators 49, broadly considered as auto- 'mobile supporting elements, are secured to the endless chains 40, and these are arranged in an endless series spaced apart any desired distance, eachpelevat'or being preferably of a heightnot to exceed the space between the floors 22 of the intermediate structure, where such a structure is employed.

'Each of the elevators has a supporting shaft 50 'rotatable in extensions 51 on certain links of the endless chains 40, each of the four endless chains being provided with horizontally-alinedextension links at regular intervals so that each supporting shaft is given substantial bearing, capable of sup porting an elevator, and its carried weight. The elevators have blocks 52 secured to' their upper ends in which the shafts 50 are journaled. Outing to the supporting shafts 50 being journaled in the fourendless chains, the' thereon the largest automobile or truck now in use, and to the under side of said floor, brackets 54 are secured which are arranged in pairs near each end of the floor, each pair p .having a guide shaft 55 journaled therein. the lower shafts, is the drive shaft, and in` Secured to said guideshafts are guide 'rollers 56 which travel in the roller guides 10 between the uprights 11 and 12. The vertical .stretches of the-endless chains'are at'o'pposite sides of the elevator shafts substantially in a plane passing centrally through the vsald shafts, and the elevators attached thereto move upwardly in one elevator, as indicated by the arrow 57, and downwardly in the other, as indicated by the arrow 58. Y

Inl order to prevent sagging ofthe upper stretches of chains from one pair of chain sprockets 35 to the other,.supporting guides 59 are secured to theyeiid walls of the housing, and each of the supporting shafts 5() has guide and supporting rollers 60 at each endl thereof, which roll in contact .with the supporting guides 59 so that the elevators are' supported from said supporting guides instead of from the`endless chains while traveling throughthe elevator way extending from the upper end'of `one elevator shaft to the other. These guide and supporting rollers 60 also travel in contact with the supporting guides 30 at the' bottom of the structure when passingl through the elevator. way extending from t elower end-of one elevator shaft to the other. When the elevatorsgtra'vel .from

per. end. of onelelgfator shait into. the u theflower end of dneeleva'tnr shaft. to another 10-at the inner corners-of. the .elevator shafts, while the guide and supporting rollers-Q 60 travel in Contact withisaidsupporting guides 30.. When the elevators travel from theupper " naam-ee sotliat one elevator is in line with each secondstoryof storage floor, but it is quite clear elevator Way, andi when/movin ou .saidthat the elevators may be so arranged that elevator wayintothe upper en of the other elevator shaft,.the supporting shafts 50 pass through the clearance spaces 27 formed in the horizontal roller guides or guide members 17. Therefore, by. providing the clearance spaces 27 and 27a, all movable parts of the apparatus are free to travel without coming in contact' with any. obstructions.

Attention is also invited to the fact that I the guide rollers 56l at the bottoms ofthe ele- -one elevator shaft tothe upper endv of the other, and. when said elevators travel from the lower end.of one of. said elevator. shafts to the-other, said. guide rollers 56 travel in contact withv the horizontal. guide member ll-.at the bottom of the structure.

The roller guides-or guidemembers 11n-the waysserve in addition to2 prevent the saggingof the chains -while passing throughsaid ways,pto-relieve. the chains of. the weight of the-elevators'emd at. the same time guide themin Va straight -horizontal course' Without possibility of later-abmovementandintrue relation to their path of travel through the shafts...

That. portion of. the building positioned between the elevator lshafts may have any desired depth; this being. governed'A -by the distance-between elevator shafts. Ifdesir'ed, additional storage 'floors may also be arv rangement without. resortingfto the use oi' walls having. entrance' and. exit. openings.. When additionalstorage fl'oors are not'. de-f sired, vthe walls 19.-` and 20. are; built: up solid. from. the openings. 61,. 62, 4respectively, .thus

ranged-ahoppositesides of the structure, as indicated in-Fig. 1, where the several addi.- tional storagefioors are designated by the reference charanterQ; access-to whichvmay berhad throughopenings 22" formed' in the .si-deV walls 19, 20.: Ordinarilyvthisfadditional storage space will not beused.

One off the: side' walls .19 has, an4 entrune doors if desired. These may'also be-termed drive-on and drive-off points under their broaderA meaning, since the principle involved'may be employedunder medifi'ed-arl operation isrepeated.

one elevator is in line with each storage floor,

or the elevators may be otherwise spacedv apart, regardless ofv their relation to the floors ingv or drive-in 61, another will be in line therewith at the exit opening or drive-out 62.

It is the intention to so operate the apparatus that an elevator will at all `times be in line with the entrance opening or drive-in 61 of. the building structure, or at least in line with the ground level8 when the apparatus is used in skeleton form without thebuildng structure.

A party desiring to park, or to store his automobile, drives ,through the entrance opening or drive-in 61 directly. onto the elevator. in line therewith. rlfhe attendant operates the motor to move they series of elevators so that they travel upwardly in one elevator shaft and downwardly in the other.. Ifv the automobile driven onto the elevator being Yes moved upwardly is to bestored for a period of time, the elevator containing the automobile isbroughtkat a standstill inline with any. ofthe-floors 22..thatmay provide pro er storage'. s ace for the automobile. he driver: w' 'then. drive the automobile from the. elevator' onto the vfloor in the desiredposition. Shouldit bedesired to park the automobile,.the driver leaves the automobile before the elevator starts in 'its upward course, since. inisuclr cases, the automobile will be leftonthef' elevator untilfcalled for.- In all cases; the nent unoccupied elevator of the series: is brought. inline with the entrance opening. or drive-in- 61 awaiting the next automobile to beA parkeoh, when, the saine The lelevators -may be numbered or otherwise designatedso-that when the ownercalls fOr his automobilefa'ter an interval' 'of time,

he'need only informthe attendant that his automobileisparkedi on the elevator havingv afcertain number. When the owner of the automobile, calls for the same the attendant operates the apparatus to/brin'g the desi-red elevator in line with the exit opening or. drive-out 623. so that the` owner can drive the automobile from' the elevator out through saidopennn or drive-out. I In the event of an automobile eingcalledfor which is stored within the storage s yace between the two Y eievatorsha'fta orinft e storage space at the side of either elevator shaft, itis simply necessary to ascertain on what lioor the automobile is stored,` after which the attendant operates the apparatus to bring a vacantelevator in line with said floor. The desired automobile is then driven from the storage floor onto the elevator, after which the at tendant again operates the apparatus and continues to cause the series of elevators- '30 somewith and otherswithout automobiles thereon-upwardly and over the top, and' 20 tendant may operate the apparatus so th t the elevators 'will be brought in line Awith both the entrance and exit openings, one after the other, and the attendants at the entrance andexit openings can'quickly remove the cars from the various elevators, as they are brought to. said openings.l In such cases the apparatus may be operated so that alternate elevators will stop at the exit opening, with the result that ythe automobiles on 3,0 alternate elevators will Cloe taken out of the f structure at the exit opening, while those passing the exit opening will be broughtl in line wlth the entrance opening andA at this point can be quickly removed from the structure.'

These apparatuses can be arranged end to end, as shown in Fig. 2, and may also be arranged side by side, asshowninI Fig. 1, the storage y spaces being arranged between the elevator ways of each apparatus and also between adjoining apparatus, as will beclear upon examination of Fig. l1. However, the 5 widest use of my invention is believed to be that in which arrangement for parking only paratus is'pra'ctically unlimited, and an apparatus havin the height of a ten story building woul -provide facilitiesffor parking a .comparativelyflarge 'number of auto' mobiles. This would require aground space approximating less than the length of three cars and.' a width approximating less than the ywidth of two cars; thus making' it' pos- D on comparatively small ground space.. It is of course to-be understood that wherestoragespace is provided between the' elevator* shafts, o r-.at one side of an 'elevator shaft, it is not necessary for the attendant or owner o f the automobile' .to remain on ian. elevator any `longer than necessary to place the car .thereon or to remove the saine therefrom when on the .level ofthe gnoundfor driveway, approaching orjleaving the apparatus.

is provided,"and jin such cases the apparatus. .need not be enclosed. The height yof the apshaft, a-h'orizontal roller above the upper ends of said shafts, a horisible to park a large number of' autx'nnobiles A .tors connected to said chains 1n comprising a steel My invention lendsitself admirably for garage purposes, for both parking and storage, and by means of the same, considerably greater service is furnished customers and greater capacity for storage and. parking space isprovided than in structures now in use for such purposes occupying like .ground space. l 1

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. An apparatus of the kind described,

having two elevator shafts, .elevator ways connecting saidshaftsat the top and bottom, storage space divided into oors between said elevator shafts, a series of elevators movable through said shafts'and ways, and

means-for causing said elevators to travel and for causing any one of said elevators to be stopped in line with any desired floor of said storage space.

2. An apparatus 'of the kind described, comprising two. elevator shafts, two elevator ways connecting said shafts at the top and bottom, storage spaces at opposite sides l of said apparatus and also between said elevator shafts, a 'series of. connected elevators adapted to travel through said shafts and ways, and means to caluse said elevators to travel and-to stop the same at any desired points..

3. An 'apparatus of the `kind described, having two sets -of uprights forming two elevatorjshafts, the Luprights of each shaft being at the vcorn'erslthereof and being arranged in pairs at each corner to form roller guides, certain of said uprights being connected atthe top and bottom and others being directed inwardly to form roller guides, elevators provided with guide rollers traveling along said roller guides, chainsv con- .nectlng said elevators' together, .supported said sprockets'k to cause .said elevators t0 travel along said. roller guides.

4. An vapparatus of the kind described, comprisin a steelstructure providing two elevator s afts, 'said structure -having up rights at each of the four corners of each guide inv a 'plane zontal roller guide at the lower ends lot said shafts, chain sprockets arranged at vh igh and low points of theapparatus, endless chainsl passing around said chain sprockets, elevaspaced relation, guide rollersv on said elevators adapted to travelin Contact vwith said uprights and with saidroller'guides, and means for ro tat' g at least 'one'of said chain sprockets to cause-.said chains to travel.

,5; A n apparatus of thailand' described,

Y lupper and lower ends of said shafts, spaced -connected e said shaft being i their lower elevators adapted to move through said shafts and ways, means to .control the movements of said elevators, and

means for parking automobiles between said elevator shafts.

6. An apparatus of thekinddescribed having end andnside' walls, an entrance opening in one of said sidewalls, an Ae-Xit opening in the other side wall, an elevator shaft extending vertically along each of said side walls, elevator ways connecting the upper and lower ends of said shafts, a series of connected elevators adapted for movement through said shafts and ways, and means @for moving and controlling Athe movement ott said elevators to br' g any desired elevator in line with said entrance opening, or in line with said exit opening. 7 An apparatus of the kind described having end and side Walls, an entrance opening in one of said side walls, an exit opening in the other sidewall, an elevator shaft extending vertically along each of said Yside walls,

, elevator ways connecting the upper and low er ends of y Said shafts", a ser-les of connected elevators ada ted for movement through said shafts and ways, and means for moving said elevators and bringing ftwo of said elevatorsin line with openings. 4 8. An apparatus of' the kind described, comprising two elevator shafts, each formed of members arranged -in pairs at each corner of the shaft to form guide rollers, the inner of each pair of members being curved 'inwardly at their upper and lower ends toward theA center of said shaft, the. upper .ends of the outer members at the outer lcorners of directed inwardly over said shafts to-foim Va rollerguide extending over the inwardly curved upper ends of said inner members, members of both shafts being connected at ends t form a 'roller guide, the outer members' at the inner corners of both shafts-be' g connected together at theirpupper ends -tofon'm roller guides and the lower the center of endsA thereof inwardly toward the space between said shafts,

supporting guides in .a plane above said shafts, supporting .extending from the st lower end of e of said shafts to the other,

horizontally-spaced chain sprockets at each "f" side of the sprockets at each sideof the vators spaced apart, guide rollers at the low` shaft at the upper end apparatus in a plane above the upper ends 'of said shafts, horizontallyspaced chain sprockets at each side of the apparatus near the lower ends of said shafts, a sprocket chain passing over the 'chai/n apparatus, eleer end of each elevator adapted for traveling movement mand alongsaid roller guides, a

of each lelevator journaled in -alined links of said chains, supsaid entrance and exit.

the lower ends of said outere .point of either of porting rollers at the outer ends of said shalfts adapted to travel along. said supporting yguides at the top and Obottom of the apparatus, and means for rotating at least one of saidp'hain sprockets to cause said chalns and -its connected elevators to travel through said shafts, along the top of the apparatus from -one'shaft 'to the other and along the bottom in-a reverse manner.

9. An apparatus of' -the kind described, comprising two elevator shafts, elevator ways connecting the upper and lowpndsfof sald shafts, storage space between said elevator shafts, a series of spaced elevators adapted to travel upwardly -in one of said shafts a-nd downwardly in the other and in reverse manner through said elevator ways, and means for connecting said elevators together and for causing them to travel in unison..

llAn apparatus of the kind described, comprising two elevator-shafts and elevator rways connecting said shafts at the top and bottom, a drive-in and a drive-out ima lane above lthe elevator way at the'bottom o said apparatus, elevators in spaced rela-tion,-meansu for guiding said elevators in lsaid lshafts 'and ways, means for connecting saideilevators toether and supporting the same within 'said afts and ways, means in said ways for .additionally supporting said elevators when passing therethrough, and means for -causin said connecting means to travel.

1'1. apparatus ofl t'he'kin-d described .eevators to travel through said shatsa-nd :ways 1n unison.

12. An apparatus ofthe kind described,

comprising an endless series of automobile supporting elements and storage rounded by said series of automobile supporting elements, and means for moving said series of automobile supporting elements and stopping the same .te bring any one of said elements in line with a given point of said oragespace. y f 13. apparatus of the kinddescribed, cpmpnsi-ng anl supporting elements, a storage space surrounded by said series. of elements, a vstorage space ateach side of said series of automobile sufpertlng elements, and means for moving sai automobile supporting elements in unison and for stopping the-same to bring any. one of said elements inline with a y vgiven said storage spaces. 14.' An apparat-us of the kind described having two sets of space lsur.-

endless v ser-ies of l'automobile u uprights forming two e1e. vator shafts, the uprights of each shaft for1nof one of ing connected` at certain of said uprights bethe top and bottom and others being directed inwardly to form roller guides at the to and bottom, elevators provided with gui e rollers adapted to travel along'all of said roller guides, flexible elements connecting said elevators together, rotatable elements over which said flexible elements are passed, and 'means for causin said ing roller guides',

i elevators to travel along said roller gui es.

15. An apparatus of the kind described, comprising a structure providing two elevator shafts, said structure having uprights serving as vertical roller guides, horizontal roller guides extending` from the upper end said shafts to the upper end of the other shaft, horizontal roller guides extending from the lowervend of one of said shafts to the lower end of the other shaft, rotatable elements arranged at high and low points of the apparatus, endless iexible elements passing around said rotatable elements, elevators connected to said fiexible elements adapted to travel in contact with said vertical and horizontal guides, and means to cause said iexible elements to travel.

In testimony whereof I aix my siglgnature.v Y

ISAAC MACDONALD. 

